Malabar Coast · Kerala · Layered Dum

Malabar / Thalassery Biryani

Also known as: Thalassery Biryani, Kerala Biryani, Mappila Biryani

Jeerakasala rice (short-grain, cumin-scented) layered with meat cooked in coconut oil, fried onions, cashews, raisins, and a restrained but complex spice blend. The rice is distinct from basmati — smaller, rounder, and more aromatic. The coconut oil gives it a flavour that's purely Kerala.

Prep40m
Cook50m
6servings
Hard
Medium
Jeerakasala (Khyma Rice)Chicken / MuttonLayered Dum

📜 History

The Mappila Muslim community of northern Kerala's Malabar Coast developed this biryani from Arab trader influences mixed with Kerala's coconut-rich cuisine. Thalassery (formerly Tellicherry) is considered the birthplace. The use of jeerakasala rice — a short-grain, cumin-scented local variety — instead of basmati is the defining choice. The spice trade literally passed through these kitchens.

What Makes It Unique

Three things: jeerakasala rice (not basmati), coconut oil (not ghee), and the sheer volume of fried onions and cashews. Malabar biryani is the richest biryani in India by texture — every bite has a fried onion, a cashew, or a raisin. The Mappila cooking lineage means the spice knowledge is deeper than most.

Ingredients

Rice & Whole Spices

  • Jeerakasala Rice500gwashed, soaked 20 min
  • Ghee3 tbsp
  • Bay leaves2
  • Cinnamon2 sticks
  • Cardamom4
  • Cloves4
  • Star anise1
  • Salt1.5 tsp

Meat & Base

  • Chicken750gmedium pieces
  • Onions4 largethinly sliced
  • Coconut oil4 tbsp
  • Ginger paste1.5 tbsp
  • Garlic paste1 tbsp
  • Green chillies6
  • Tomatoes2chopped
  • Yogurt100g
  • Mint leaves1 cup
  • Coriander leaves1 cup
  • Cashew nuts30g
  • Raisins20g

Spice Powders

  • Coriander powder1.5 tsp
  • Red chilli powder1 tsp
  • Turmeric0.5 tsp
  • Garam masala1 tsp
  • Pepper powder0.5 tsp
  • Fennel powder0.5 tsp

Garnish & Finishing

  • Saffronpinchin warm milk
  • Fried onions4 tbsp
  • Fried cashews2 tbsp
  • Ghee2 tbsp

Method

1

Fry Onions and Nuts

15 min

In coconut oil, deep-fry sliced onions in batches until dark golden. Remove. In the same oil, fry cashews and raisins until golden. Reserve all separately.

2

Cook Meat Masala

20 min

In the same oil, add ginger-garlic paste, green chillies. Cook 2 min. Add chicken, all masala powders, tomatoes, yogurt, salt, half the fried onions. Cook until chicken is 80% done.

3

Cook Rice Separately

10 min

Boil water with ghee, whole spices, and salt. Add soaked jeerakasala and cook until 70% done. Drain.

4

Layer and Dum

23 min

Layer: meat at bottom, rice on top. Scatter saffron milk, remaining fried onions, cashews, raisins, mint, coriander, ghee. Seal tightly. Cook on high 3 min, then lowest flame for 20 minutes.

5

Serve

10 min

Rest 10 min. Open gently and serve with pathiri, raita, and pappadam.

Total time: 90 minutes (excluding marination)

💡 Pro Tips

  • Jeerakasala rice is essential — it's the soul of this biryani. Don't substitute basmati
  • Use coconut oil for the meat masala. Ghee is used only for the rice
  • The fried onions (birista) must be DARK golden, almost caramelized
  • Cashews and raisins are not optional garnish — they're structural ingredients
  • Cook the rice separately until each grain is firm. It finishes in the dum

🍽️ Serve With

Pathiri (rice flatbread)RaitaPicklePappadam